; TeX output 1999.06.20:1125': cmti10Oriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'Manual?0K`y cmr101N "V cmbx10Oriy9a-T<8E3sX(printe}'don20/6/1999[)SummaryThis8articlegivesanoverviewoftheOriya-TU>'ExX-packqagewhichcanbGeusedincombinationwithTU>'ExX forotypGesettingtextinOriya(AeJ or10uaA).Oriya-TU>'ExXcanalsobGeusedincombinationwithotherpackqages,toJtypGesetmixedlanguagedocuments.Oriya-TU>'ExXJispartofalargerpro8jecttomakeallSouthAsianscriptsRavqailableforTU>'ExX.ThefollowingSouthAsianscriptsarenowavqailableasMetafonts:pfDevqanagari(for+Sanskrit,Prakrit,Hindi,Marathi,Nepali,Konkqani),Gurumukhi(forPanjabi),T*amil,Malayalam,T*elugu,CKannada,and~Singhalese.HSomeofthesepackqagesneedsomere nementandadaptiontoLaTU>'ExX.TheUUonlyimpGortantIndianscriptsstillmissingareGujaratiandBengali.LicenseThisˊsoftwareisc!", cmsy10 Copyright1999JeroGenHellingman.CHowever,itmaybGefreelydistributedinthespiritof~theGNURGeneralPublicLicense.pATheonlyrestrictionisthatyoucannotplacefurtherrestrictionsonthisorderivedworksandyoushouldgiveothersyougivethissoftwareorderivedworkseverything,includingthesources.~Ofcourse,worksyouprintusingthisfontarenotderivedworks,butifyouaddorUUtouchupafewcharacters,orcreateapGostscriptfont,basedonthisdesign,itis.AsG IFamacollectorofaksharamala( rstgradealphabGetbooks,woftenveryniceandcolourful),IFwillhighlyUUappreciateitifyousendmeone,espGeciallyforOriya,althoughallIndianscriptsarewelcome.JeroGenUUHellingmanAlettaUUJacobsstraat53404UUXDIJsselsteinTheUUNetherlandstelephone:q+31UU306875444(19:00{21:00MET)E-mail:q *2?0Oriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'ManualN⍵In9troQductionTheGOriyascriptisusedfortheOriyalanguageandafewminoritylanguages,JsuchasKhondiandSantali, spGokenminthestateofOrissainEasternIndia.TheOriyalanguagebGelongstotheIndicbranchofthelargeIndo-EuropGeanlanguagefamilyandiscloselyrelatedtoBengali.VItisspokenbyabGout30millionpGeople,UUofthemroughlythehalfcanreadandwrite.TheOriyascriptformsalinkbGetweentheSouthandNorthIndianscripts.V+ThedistinctiveinnerpartsofsomenoftheletterscanbGerecognisedwhenoneknownsDevqanagariandBengaliscript,butthecircularappGearanceremindsoneofthecurlySouthIndianscripts.ETheexplanationforallthosecirclesiseasy:traditionallythescriptwaswrittenonpalm-leaveswithasharpmetalnib,O/andwhenonemakesahorizontaltop-linelikeinDevqanagarionapalm-leave,M%itwilltear.ćT*oavoidthis,M%thetop-lineswherechangedintothesemi-circleswhichgiveOriyaitscharacteristicappGearance|describedbyNakqanishi*asaUUparadeofbaldheads.TheYjOriyaalphabGetfollowsthealphabGeticorderofSanskrit.~Thisorderisbasedonphoneticprinciples.The݄vowelscome rst,{inpairsofashortandlongsound,thosearticulatedinthebackofthemouth rst.Afterthe`pure'vowelscomethe`diphtongs'(inSanskrit,̺eandoaresuppGosedtohavebGeendiphtongsoriginally).J9mԍ0]N+GGor17a 0RxaԍnaA 0Ϻaԍɒi 0Ѣiԍ;I 0?@ԍu 0Puԍ\U 0 uuԍ: 0r!ƍc.ԍվ 0ºVr!ƍ.ԍ̸ 0l!ƍ .eE 8N"\qBZl!ƍs4.kԍҾe 0eԍE 0PGaiԍlo 0oԍUO 0LPauThree.vowelmoGdi erstraditionallyfollowthevowels.AThesearea/a8_`m,iaM am!ƍ~.-,andaH ah!ƍw.p,whichoriginallystoGodqyforanasalisation, afollowingnasal,andafollowingaspirationrespGectively*.%InOriya, Hq@h!ƍ6. )isnowusedto/l!ƍ.va70kw xr!ƍ. a70],W xjr!ƍo.haasUUshowninthistable,allconsonantsarethoughttobGefollowedbytheshortletteraa.** j4>| *AkiraUUNakqanishi,WritingSystemsoftheWorld,UUp.q54**They'vowels,,0andarenotusedinOriyaatall.(cTheyarebGorrowedfromSanskrit(andeveninSanskritthe˱lastoneisonlyintroGducedforsymmetry),Handareincludedinthealphabetforcompleteness.I'vefound5onlyonereferencetothecorrespGondingvowel5signsforthesethreevowels.g,The5lettervisarecentinvention7todistinguishthesoundvafromb}'ainloanwords.-nIt7isacombinationofthevowelowithasecondaryUUb. LOriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'Manual?03NWhenx.avowelx.followsaconsonant,thisisindicatedbywritingaspGecialvowelsign,attachedtothe consonant.rTheseUvowelsignssometimesevenstandbGeforetheconsonanttheyapplyto.rHerethevowelsignsUUareshownattachedtotheletterggac: D}ԍ9g 0gaԍm}gA 0ƺgaԍŹg[ 0KCgiԍ倆gX 0gP@ g]  rĺgu-gZ - g u "9gl+igr!ƍz.ԍ! 0 gaiԍᗓtheseconjunctsconsistofasmallerversionofthesecondlettersubscribGedtothe rstletter,8forexample,X͑kfhsc}'aisXCusedforz+c.zSometimes,theoutercircleofthesubscribGedconsonantisomitted,asinۖ+Olkaﲫforlk.cInmanycases,3however,the+OoriginalconsonantscanhardlybGerecognisedintheconjunct,forUUexampleinxks!ƍ.afork+S.AfairlycompletelistofconjunctsisgivenasanappGendix.ThewlettersYw yaandrr}'a;xaretreatedinaspGecialway*.Whenwrra;xisthe rstconsonantofacluster,itappGearsasthesymbolrephattheendofthecluster, forexample,rn!ƍb.Hn!ƍX. >a.{Whenitisthelastinacluster,it&appGearsasasubscribedhook,ڼΫ,for&exampleinppr}'a.:WhentheletterY yisthelastinacluster,9itappGearsasthesymbol,9forexample,kkya.WThissamesymbGolappearsafterthevowelseUUeandootomoGdifytheirsounds.The0rulesforcombiningconsonantsintoconjunctsusedtomaketypingandtypGesettingOriyaaverycomplicated)Mbusiness.cT*raditionalOriyatypGefacesinleadrequireseveralhunderedsofdi erenttypGes.cAcomputer,֤however,caneasilyapplyalltherules,andmakeitpGossibletotypGeonlythebaselettersofOriyaUUintheirphoneticorder.ThespGellingandtheuseofconjunctsishardlystandarized,anditisnoexceptiontocomeacrossspellingvqariationsUUeveninsideasinglebGook.PunctuationUinOriyascriptfollowstheEnglishpractice,Uexceptthatthefullstopissometimesreplacedbyastandingbar.,calleddanda,whichisseparatedfromthelastwordbyaspacetoavoidconfusionwithUUthevowelUUsignforaAa.Finally*,(Oriyahusesitsownsetof gures,(1ۅ234567890,althoughhinternational guresaresometimesusedUUaswell.+4?0Oriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'ManualN⍵Ho9wTtheOriyafontsweremadeBT*o)thetypGefacedesigner,2ROriyascriptpGosesabigchallenge:[tocreateafontthat,2Rwhileitmaintainsthe characteristicOriyanappGearance,misstilleasilyreadableandalsoeconomisestheuseofpaper.HT*oachievethis,!6the/ rstmostimpGortantissueisto ndtheproperproportionbetween/thesizeofthecircleandthesize*oftheinner,distinctivefeaturesofeachletter.[EspGeciallywhendrawingthelettersinlargesizeonasheetraofpapGer,yonetendstomakethecirclefartolarge,and,whenthedesignisreducedtothenormalsizeofalettertheinnerdetailshavebGecomesosmallashardlyvisible.MHowever,thelargeronemakestheUUinnerpart,themoredicultitbGecomestodrawapleasingcirclearoundit. [A]8second]:considerationistheextendtowhichvowelsignsandsecondarycharactersareallowedtostickbGeloworabovetheletters,Gasthisde nesthenecessarybaselinedistance,andalsothetextureoftheprintedDpage.lHere,Gagain,oneshouldnotbGetemptedtomakethevowelsignsandsecondarycharacterstoBsmall,andonecanoftenwinmuchBbyusingaligatureinsteadofthestandardcombination|althoughtheUUnumbGerofligaturesthatcanbeusedislimited.BecauseOriyausedtobGewrittenonpalm-leaves,Oriyahaslittleornocalligraphictradition.9ZOnecannotproGducethick-thintransitions,andothernicetieswithametalnib.LWiththeintroGductionoftheprintingpressinIndia*,OriyatypGefaceswiththick-thintransistionswereproGduced.UyHowever,thesethick-thintransitionsUUwherenotappliedinaconsistentway*.In| *The rstprintinginOriyawasprobablydoneattheSerampGoremissionpressintheearlynineteenthcentury*.3BIn)1809thispressprintedacompletebibleinOriya.|B.S.Kesavqan,HistoryofPrintingandPublishinginIndia,UUV*ol.I,p.2540LOriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'Manual?05N⍵Ho9wTtoUseOriya-T<8E3sXAApsetAuofOriyafontsalonedoGesn'tmakeupaneasytouseOriyatypGe-settingsystem.k'Y*ouwillalsoneed an#weasyway#woftypingOriyatext.,ThecomplexrulesofOriyascriptmakesitcumbGersomeanderrorproneѰtotypGeallrequiredshapesdirectly*.Aѐcomputercanhandlethecompositionandallowtheusertod.typGeonlythebasecharactersinphoneticorder.RAstherulesofOriyacompGositionarenotbuildintoTU>'ExX,oZapre-proGcessorwillbeusedtoaccomplishthis.Asthenamesuggests,uthispre-processorneedstobGeUUrunonyour lewithOriyatextbGeforeTU>'ExXcanhandleit.The)pre-proGcessorwillacceptstandardTU>'ExXandLaTU>'EX les,2binwhichOriyaistypGedinanASCII)basedtranscriptionscheme.VThisschemeisbasedontheschemeusedbyF*ransVelthuisforDevqanagari.VTheoutputcisa lecontainsalotofgibbGerishwhichyoudon'twanttoloGokat,butitwilltellTU>'ExXhowtotypGesetUUyourOriyatext.Beforeoyoucanstart,͵youwillhavetoloadsomemacros.UsersofplainTU>'ExXhavetoinputthe leormacs.tex}gsomewhereatthestartoftheirdoGcument.UsersofLaTU>'ExXcansimplyusethepackqageoriyaUUtoloadtherequiredmacrosandfonts.qOriya-TU>'ExXUUsuppGortsthenewfontselectionscheme.T*oenablethepre-proGcessortorecognisetranscribedOriyatext,youwillhavetoencloseitinbGetweenthegtagsand.AZspGecial`dollar-mode'issuppliedforpeoplewhohavegtoswitchfromOriyatoEnglishconstantly*._xWhenitisused,# OriyacanalsobGeenclosedbetweendollarsigns._xInthiscase,mathUUhastobGeaccessedwithand.TheKfollowingtableindicateshowtotypGeOriya.[nThe rstcollumnindicatesthetranscriptiontypGed,thesecond theOriyaletteroutput,8/andthethirdthescienti ctranscription.:ItshouldbGenotedthatthescienti cItranscriptionisbasedonthemoGdelofSanskrit,anddoesnotgiveanexactindicationoftheactualUUpronunciationinOriya.e ͑UUabffUUaorimplicitfSffUUa2͎ҸkahffUUk 9ffUUka͎葼paffUUp5ffUUp}'a!͎͑UUaabffUUaAorAfSffUUa2͎ҸkhahffUUK 9ffUUkha /͎葼pha,?faffUUP5ffUUpha,fa UV͎͑UUibffUUior[fSffUUi͎ҸgahffUUg 9ffUUga͎葼ba,?vaffUUb5ffUUb}'a,va͎͑UUiibffUUIorXfSffO@͎ҸghahffUUG 9ffUUgha /͎葼bhaffUUB5ffUUbha͎͑UUubffUUuorӎfSffUUuqơ͎Ҹ"nahffUUf 9ffq_na͎葼maffUUm5ffUUma3-͎͑UUuubffUUUorԎfSffv uqơ͎ҸcahffUUc 9ffUUc}'awx͎葼yaffUUY5ffUUya!͎3<3<͑UUĸRb3<3<ffUUļorՎfS3<3<ffčUUr!ƍZ.$3<͎Ҹchah3<3<ffUUļC 93<3<ffUUĺcha /3<͎葼.ya3<3<ffUUļy53<3<ff:Oĺ_ ya!3<͎3<͑UURRbffUUorfSff׺Vr!ƍZ.$͎ҸjahffUUj 9ffUUja}&͎葼raffUUr5ffUUr}'a"͎͑UULbffUUorfSffUUl!ƍ/.$͎ҸjhahffUUJ 9ffUUjha`͎葼laffUUl5ffUUla#u͎͑UULLbffUUorfSff\qUUl!ƍ/.$͎Ҹ~nahffUUF 9ff~$na͎葼.vaffUUv5ffUUva!͎͑UUebffUUeor<fSffUUe6 ͎Ҹ.tahffUUq 9ffUUt!ƍS.Пa;͎葼shaffUUz5ff}fhsa"I͎͑UUaibffUUEor<>fSffUUai"͎Ҹ.thahffUUQ 9ffUUt!ƍS.ПhaK͎葼.saffUUS5ffUUs!ƍJs.la"I͎͑UUobffUUoor<AfSffUUo2͎Ҹ.dahffUUw 9ffUUd!ƍK.qşaqơ͎葼saffUUs5ffUUsa"I͎͑UUaubffUUOor<*fSffUUau UV͎Ҹ.dhahffUUW 9ffUUd!ƍK.qşha UV͎葼haffUUh5ffUUha!D=͎͑UU/bffUU/fSff㍟_`m"͎Ҹ.nahffUUN 9ffUUn!ƍ.a͎葼.laffUUL5ffUUl!ƍ/.㍟a#u͎͑UU.mbffUUMfSffUUm!ƍU.$͎ҸtahffUUt 9ffUUta;͎葼.raffUUw5ffUUr!ƍZ.ʟa")8͎͑UU.hbffUUHfSffUUh!ƍK.$͎ҸthahffUUT 9ffUUthaK͎葼.rhaffUUW5ffUUr!ƍZ.ʟha ȡ͎͎bfffSff$͎ҸdahffUUd 9ffUUdaqơ͎葼+ffUU5ff.r͎͑UU~ebffUUe>fSff^$e6 ͎ҸdhahffUUD 9ffUUdha UV͎ff5ff.r͎͑UU~obffUUo>fSffUU^o2͎ҸnahffUUn 9ffUUna͎ff5ff.r͎͉eǍNoteUUthatxks!ƍ.aandjAl~$naareconjuncts,andtypGedask.saandj~narespectively*. When twovowelsfolloweachother, NcarehastobGetakenthatthepaircanbGedistinguishedfromasinglevowelstranscribGedwithtwosletters.!Thisisdonebytyping"bGetweenthem.!F*orexample,whenashortaafollowsanothershortaac.DF*orexamplekaNakaan!ƍb.H,IshouldbGetypGedaska"a.n.DWhenthereisnodangerforconfusion,Hthereisnoneedtoseparatevowelsinthisway*.ThefollowingtableshouldmakeallUUpGossiblecombinationsclear:Bܟ6?0Oriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'ManualN  ͑UUaa( ffUUaAI,פffUUa͎i¸kaaffUUڤffUUka͎͑UUa"a( ffUUaaI,פffUUaa .͎i¸ka"affUUkaڤffUUkaa .͎͑UUa"aa( ffUUaaAI,פffUUaa .͎i¸ka"aaffUUkaAڤffUUkaa .͎͑UUai( ffUUEI,פffUUai㎡͎i¸kaiffUUڤffUUkai㎡͎͑UUa"i( ffUUaiI,פffUUaP@㎡͎i¸ka"iffUUkiڤffUUkaP@㎡͎͑UUau( ffUUOI,פffUUau ¡͎i¸kauffUU'ExX,thepre-processorcanalsoprocessISCII,orconvert#ubetweenISCIGI,UUUnicode,andtranscription.Oriya-TU>'ExXcanalsobGeusedtotypGesetOriyainscienti ctranscription.F*orthis,QthetobGetranscribedtext)hastobGeplacedbetween)and.BThetranscriptionasshowninthetableswillbeused.8AJsilentuanثcanbGetypGedas*,̢andacapitalisproducedbypreceedingitwitha^?.8AJwholesentenceinUUcapitalscanbGeproducedbyputtingitinbetweenUU^?^.gOriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'Manual?07N,m#R cmss10Oriyalff>|#eKonarkUUregular72ptH0]N+HGor17aH<|+sKonarkUUnormal10pt|#eCuttackUUregular72ptH%0]N+HGorss17aHkqk9CuttackUUregular24pt$0]N+Gorss17amaAiIuUeEoOa/aMaHkmKgGfcCjJFqQwWNtTdDnpmPbBmyYrlLzSsh#0]N+GGorss17kŒkAk[kXk]kZk|+sCuttackUUnormal10ptkqk)Roman^kISCIQI;UnicoQde ASCIQIHnamevowelss or12a+>)a^kA4;0B05 aHѫvowelUUa aA+>)a^kA5;0B06 aaHѫvowelUUaai+>)i^kA6;0B07 iHѫvowelUUiI*!q^kA7;0B08 iiHѫvowelUUiiu+>)u^kA8;0B09 uHѫvowelUUuU+Fu^kA9;0B0A uuHѫvowelUUuu+>)r!ƍ+.^kAA;0B0B RHѫvowelUUri*~r!ƍ+.^kAA?E9;0B60 RRHѫvowelUUrii+>)l!ƍ+>).^kA6?E9;0B0C LHѫvowelUUli*!\q+>)l!ƍ+>).^kA7?E9;0B61 LLHѫvowelUUliie+>)e^kAC;0B0F eHѫvowelUUeE+>)ai^kAD;0B10 aiHѫvowelUUaio+>)o^kB0;0B13 oHѫvowelUUoO+>)au^kB1;0B14 auHѫvowelUUautvowelmo}'di ersa/+>)a_qm^kA1;0B01 /Hѫcandrabindu aM+>)am!ƍ.^kA2;0B02 .mHѫanusvqaraH+>)ah!ƍc.^kA3;0B03 .hHѫvisargtc}'onsonantsk+>)kqa^kB3;0B15 kHѫconsonantUUkqa K+>)kha^kB4;0B16 khHѫconsonantUUkhag+>)ga^kB5;0B17 gHѫconsonantUUgaG+>)gha^kB6;0B18 ghHѫconsonantUUghaf,_Tna^kB7;0B19 "nHѫconsonantUUngatc+>)ca^kB8;0B1A cHѫconsonantUUcaC+>)cha^kB9;0B1B chHѫconsonantUUchaj+>)ja^kBA;0B1C jHѫconsonantUUjaJ+>)jha^kBB;0B1D jhHѫconsonantUUjhaF+F~na^kBC;0B1E ~nHѫconsonantUUnyaq+>)t!ƍ+a./!a^kBD;0B1F .tHѫconsonantUUttaQ+>)t!ƍ+a./!ha^kBE;0B20 .thHѫconsonantUUtthaw+>)d!ƍ,.0ca^kBF;0B21 .dHѫconsonantUUddaW+>)d!ƍ,.0cha^kC0;0B22 .dhHѫconsonantUUddhaN+>)n!ƍ,.0ca^kC1;0B23 .nHѫconsonantUUnnat+>)ta^kC2;0B24 tHѫconsonantUUtaT+>)tha^kC3;0B25 thHѫconsonantUUthad+>)da^kC4;0B26 dHѫconsonantUUdaD+>)dha^kC5;0B27 dhHѫconsonantUUdhan+>)na^kC6;0B28 nHѫconsonantUUnap+>)pa^kC8;0B2A pHѫconsonantUUpaP+>)pha^kC9;0B2B phHѫconsonantUUpha ˉ>| *IndianUUScriptCoGdeforInformationInterchange,UUIS13194:1991**TheUUUnicoGdeStandard,V*ersion1.0,Vol1.,andcheckedUUagainstthetablesofversion2.014 10:.Oriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'ManualN⍍b+>)ba^kCA;0B2C bHѫconsonantUUba B+>)bha^kCB;0B2D bhHѫconsonantUUbham+>)ma^kCC;0B2E mHѫconsonantUUma2Y+>)ya^kCD;0B5F yHѫconsonantUUyay,~*_ya^kCE;0B2F .yHѫconsonantUUyyar+>)ra^kCF;0B30 rHѫconsonantUUral+>)la^kD1;0B32 lHѫconsonantUUlav+>)vqa^kD4;0B13?0B4D0B2C .vHѫconsonantUUvqa+>)ba^k--;-- .bHѫconsonantUUbawithdotz* sa^kD5;0B36 shHѫconsonantUUshaS+>)s!ƍ+}.//a^kD6;0B37 .sHѫconsonantUUssas+>)sa^kD7;0B38 sHѫconsonantUUsah+>)ha^kD8;0B39 hHѫconsonantUUhaL+>)l!ƍ+>)..Fa^kD2;0B33 .lHѫconsonantUUlla2w+>)r!ƍ+./(a^kBF?E9;0B5C .rHѫconsonantUUrraW+>)r!ƍ+./(ha^kC0?E9;0B5D .rhHѫconsonantUUrrhavowelsignsA+>)a^kDA;0B3E aaHѫvowelUUsignaa[+>)i^kDB;0B3F iHѫvowelUUsigniX*!q^kDC;0B40 iiHѫvowelUUsigniiӎ+>)u^kDD;0B41 uHѫvowelUUsignuԎ+Fu^kDE;0B42 uuHѫvowelUUsignuuՎ+>)r!ƍ+.^kDF;0B43 RHѫvowelUUsignri*~r!ƍ+.^kDF?E9;-- RRHѫvowelUUsignrii+>)l!ƍ+>).^kDB?E9;-- LHѫvowelUUsignli Q*!\q+>)l!ƍ+>).^kDC?E9;-- LLHѫvowelUUsignlii<+>)e^kE1;0B47 eHѫvowelUUsigne<>+>)ai^kE2;0B48 aiHѫvowelUUsignai<A+>)o^kE4;0B4B oHѫvowelUUsigno<*+>)au^kE5;0B4C auHѫvowelUUsignauadditionalvowelse>* ^Ge^k--;0BOF?0B4D0B5F ~eo>+>)^o^k--;0B13?0B4D0B5F ~oothersignsandsymb}'ols^kE8;0B4D +Hѫhalant^kEA?E9;0B3D .aHѫavqagraha^k--;0B70Hѫisshar^kA1?E9;-- .oHѫomUUsigndigits0+>)0^kF1;0B66 0HѫdigitUUzero1+>)1^kF2;0b67 1HѫdigitUUone2+>)2^kF3;0B68 2HѫdigitUUtwo3+>)3^kF4;0B69 3HѫdigitUUthree4+>)4^kF5;0B6A 4HѫdigitUUfour5+>)5^kF6;0B6B 5HѫdigitUU ve6+>)6^kF7;0B6C 6HѫdigitUUsix7+>)7^kF8;0B6D 7HѫdigitUUseven8+>)8^kF9;0B6E 8HѫdigitUUeight9+>)9^kFA;0B6F 9HѫdigitUUninec}'onjunctcontrol+>)kra^kB3?E8CF;0B15?0B4D0B30 kraHѺor}'dinaryconjunctk+r+>)kra^kB3?E8E8CF;0B15?0B4D200C0B30 k+raHѺexplicithalantk+>)kra^kB3?E8E8E8CF;0B15?0B4D200D0B30 k++raHѺalternatec}'onjunct ՟Oriya-TKß'E-X1.0Users'Manual:.11N⍵T 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