.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.14 (Pod::Simple 3.40) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and .\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, .\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W- .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ . if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{\ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] \fP .\} .if t \{\ . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds / .\} .if t \{\ . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E . \" corrections for vroff .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "BUSYBOX 1" .TH BUSYBOX 1 "2021-02-08" "version 1.32.1" "busybox" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" BusyBox \- The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux .SH "SYNTAX" .IX Header "SYNTAX" .Vb 1 \& busybox [arguments...] # or \& \& [arguments...] # if symlinked .Ve .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common \s-1UNIX\s0 utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in \s-1GNU\s0 coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured \s-1GNU\s0 cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their \s-1GNU\s0 counterparts. .PP BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete \s-1POSIX\s0 environment for any small or embedded system. .PP BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run \&'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration. .PP After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX\s0 can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX.\s0 .SH "USAGE" .IX Header "USAGE" BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations. .PP You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering .PP .Vb 1 \& /bin/busybox ls .Ve .PP will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. .PP Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. .PP For example, entering .PP .Vb 2 \& ln \-s /bin/busybox ls \& ./ls .Ve .PP will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command. .PP If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. .SH "COMMON OPTIONS" .IX Header "COMMON OPTIONS" Most BusyBox applets support the \fB\-\-help\fR argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the \s-1CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE\s0 option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available. .SH "COMMANDS" .IX Header "COMMANDS" Currently available applets include: .PP .Vb 10 \& [, arch, ash, awk, base64, basename, bc, blkdiscard, bzip2, cat, \& chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, cp, cpio, cttyhack, cut, dd, df, \& dirname, dmesg, du, echo, env, expr, fallocate, false, fatattr, \& free, fsfreeze, fstrim, fsync, getopt, grep, gzip, halt, head, \& hexdump, hexedit, i2ctransfer, ifconfig, init, install, ip, ipaddr, \& iplink, ipneigh, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, \& less, link, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, losetup, ls, lsscsi, lzop, \& md5sum, mim, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mkpasswd, mktemp, mountpoint, mv, \& nc, netstat, nologin, nproc, nsenter, nslookup, nuke, openvt, \& partprobe, paste, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, poweroff, printf, ps, \& pwd, readlink, realpath, reboot, resume, rm, rmdir, route, run\-init, \& sed, seq, setfattr, setfont, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, \& shuf, sleep, sort, stat, strings, sync, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, \& telnet, test, tftp, touch, true, truncate, ts, udhcpc, udhcpc6, \& umount, uname, uniq, unlink, unshare, unzip, uptime, vi, wc, wget, \& which, xxd, xz, yes .Ve .SH "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS" .IX Header "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS" .IP "\fBarch\fR" 4 .IX Item "arch" arch .Sp Print system architecture .IP "\fBash\fR" 4 .IX Item "ash" ash [\-/+OPTIONS] [\-/+o \s-1OPT\s0]... [\-c '\s-1SCRIPT\s0' [\s-1ARG0\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] / \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] / \-s [\s-1ARGS\s0]] .Sp Unix shell interpreter .IP "\fBawk\fR" 4 .IX Item "awk" awk [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1AWK_PROGRAM\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-v VAR=VAL Set variable \& \-F SEP Use SEP as field separator \& \-f FILE Read program from FILE \& \-e AWK_PROGRAM .Ve .IP "\fBbase64\fR" 4 .IX Item "base64" base64 [\-d] [\s-1FILE\s0] .Sp Base64 encode or decode \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output \-d Decode data .IP "\fBbasename\fR" 4 .IX Item "basename" basename \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1SUFFIX\s0] .Sp Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from \s-1FILE\s0 .IP "\fBbc\fR" 4 .IX Item "bc" bc [\-sqlw] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Arbitrary precision calculator .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-q Quiet \& \-l Load standard math library \& \-s Be POSIX compatible \& \-w Warn if extensions are used .Ve .Sp \&\f(CW$BC_LINE_LENGTH\fR changes output width .IP "\fBblkdiscard\fR" 4 .IX Item "blkdiscard" blkdiscard [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] [\-l \s-1LEN\s0] [\-s] \s-1DEVICE\s0 .Sp Discard sectors on \s-1DEVICE\s0 .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-o OFS Byte offset into device \& \-l LEN Number of bytes to discard \& \-s Perform a secure discard .Ve .IP "\fBbzip2\fR" 4 .IX Item "bzip2" bzip2 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm .Sp .Vb 6 \& \-1..9 Compression level \& \-d Decompress \& \-t Test file integrity \& \-c Write to stdout \& \-f Force \& \-k Keep input files .Ve .IP "\fBcat\fR" 4 .IX Item "cat" cat [\-nbvteA] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print FILEs to stdout .Sp .Vb 6 \& \-n Number output lines \& \-b Number nonempty lines \& \-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M\-x \& \-t ...and tabs as ^I \& \-e ...and end lines with $ \& \-A Same as \-vte .Ve .IP "\fBchgrp\fR" 4 .IX Item "chgrp" chgrp [\-Rh]... \s-1GROUP FILE...\s0 .Sp Change the group membership of each \s-1FILE\s0 to \s-1GROUP\s0 .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-R Recurse \& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets .Ve .IP "\fBchmod\fR" 4 .IX Item "chmod" chmod [\-R] MODE[,MODE]... \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Each \s-1MODE\s0 is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +\-= and one or more of the letters rwxst .Sp .Vb 1 \& \-R Recurse .Ve .IP "\fBchown\fR" 4 .IX Item "chown" chown [\-Rh]... USER[:[\s-1GRP\s0]] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Change the owner and/or group of each \s-1FILE\s0 to \s-1USER\s0 and/or \s-1GRP\s0 .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-R Recurse \& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets .Ve .IP "\fBchroot\fR" 4 .IX Item "chroot" chroot \s-1NEWROOT\s0 [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0] .Sp Run \s-1PROG\s0 with root directory set to \s-1NEWROOT\s0 .IP "\fBclear\fR" 4 .IX Item "clear" clear .Sp Clear screen .IP "\fBcp\fR" 4 .IX Item "cp" cp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE... DEST\s0 .Sp Copy \s-1SOURCE\s0(s) to \s-1DEST\s0 .Sp .Vb 11 \& \-a Same as \-dpR \& \-R,\-r Recurse \& \-d,\-P Preserve symlinks (default if \-R) \& \-L Follow all symlinks \& \-H Follow symlinks on command line \& \-p Preserve file attributes if possible \& \-f Overwrite \& \-i Prompt before overwrite \& \-l,\-s Create (sym)links \& \-T Treat DEST as a normal file \& \-u Copy only newer files .Ve .IP "\fBcpio\fR" 4 .IX Item "cpio" cpio [\-dmvu] [\-F \s-1FILE\s0] [\-R USER[:GRP]] [\-H newc] [\-tio] [\-p \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1EXTR_FILE\s0]... .Sp Extract (\-i) or list (\-t) files from a cpio archive, or take file list from stdin and create an archive (\-o) or copy files (\-p) .Sp Main operation mode: .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-t List \& \-i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) \& \-o Create (requires \-H newc) \& \-p DIR Copy files to DIR \&Options: \& \& \-H newc Archive format \& \-d Make leading directories \& \-m Preserve mtime \& \-v Verbose \& \-u Overwrite \& \-F FILE Input (\-t,\-i,\-p) or output (\-o) file \& \-R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files \& \-L Dereference symlinks \& \-0 Input is separated by NULs .Ve .IP "\fBcttyhack\fR" 4 .IX Item "cttyhack" cttyhack [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0] .Sp Give \s-1PROG\s0 a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to shell running with \s-1PID 1:\s0 $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell from boot shell script: .Sp .Vb 1 \& setsid cttyhack sh .Ve .IP "\fBcut\fR" 4 .IX Item "cut" cut [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print selected fields from each input \s-1FILE\s0 to stdout .Sp .Vb 6 \& \-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST \& \-c LIST Output only characters from LIST \& \-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter \& \-s Output only the lines containing delimiter \& \-f N Print only these fields \& \-n Ignored .Ve .IP "\fBdd\fR" 4 .IX Item "dd" dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] [iflag=skip_bytes|fullblock] [oflag=seek_bytes|append] .Sp Copy a file with converting and formatting .Sp .Vb 10 \& if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin \& of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout \& bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time \& ibs=N Read N bytes at a time \& obs=N Write N bytes at a time \& count=N Copy only N input blocks \& skip=N Skip N input blocks \& seek=N Skip N output blocks \& conv=notrunc Don\*(Aqt truncate output file \& conv=noerror Continue after read errors \& conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros \& conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing \& conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes \& iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes \& iflag=fullblock Read full blocks \& oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes \& oflag=append Open output file in append mode \& status=noxfer Suppress rate output \& status=none Suppress all output .Ve .Sp N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), \s-1MB, M, GB, G\s0 .IP "\fBdf\fR" 4 .IX Item "df" df [\-PkmhTai] [\-B \s-1SIZE\s0] [\s-1FILESYSTEM\s0]... .Sp Print filesystem usage statistics .Sp .Vb 8 \& \-P POSIX output format \& \-k 1024\-byte blocks (default) \& \-m 1M\-byte blocks \& \-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) \& \-T Print filesystem type \& \-a Show all filesystems \& \-i Inodes \& \-B SIZE Blocksize .Ve .IP "\fBdirname\fR" 4 .IX Item "dirname" dirname \s-1FILENAME\s0 .Sp Strip non-directory suffix from \s-1FILENAME\s0 .IP "\fBdmesg\fR" 4 .IX Item "dmesg" dmesg [\-c] [\-n \s-1LEVEL\s0] [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0] .Sp Print or control the kernel ring buffer .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-c Clear ring buffer after printing \& \-n LEVEL Set console logging level \& \-s SIZE Buffer size \& \-r Print raw message buffer .Ve .IP "\fBdu\fR" 4 .IX Item "du" du [\-aHLdclsxhmk] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Summarize disk space used for each \s-1FILE\s0 and/or directory .Sp .Vb 12 \& \-a Show file sizes too \& \-L Follow all symlinks \& \-H Follow symlinks on command line \& \-d N Limit output to directories (and files with \-a) of depth < N \& \-c Show grand total \& \-l Count sizes many times if hard linked \& \-s Display only a total for each argument \& \-x Skip directories on different filesystems \& \-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) \& \-m Sizes in megabytes \& \-k Sizes in kilobytes \& Default unit is 512 bytes .Ve .IP "\fBecho\fR" 4 .IX Item "echo" echo [\-neE] [\s-1ARG\s0]... .Sp Print the specified ARGs to stdout .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-n Suppress trailing newline \& \-e Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., \et=tab) \& \-E Don\*(Aqt interpret backslash escapes (default) .Ve .IP "\fBenv\fR" 4 .IX Item "env" env [\-iu] [\-] [name=value]... [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0] .Sp Print the current environment or run \s-1PROG\s0 after setting up the specified environment .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-, \-i Start with an empty environment \& \-u Remove variable from the environment .Ve .IP "\fBexpr\fR" 4 .IX Item "expr" expr \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 .Sp Print the value of \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 to stdout .Sp \&\s-1EXPRESSION\s0 may be: .Sp .Vb 10 \& ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 \& ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 \& ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: \& ARG1 <= ARG2 \& ARG1 = ARG2 \& ARG1 != ARG2 \& ARG1 >= ARG2 \& ARG1 > ARG2 \& ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: \& ARG1 \- ARG2 \& ARG1 * ARG2 \& ARG1 / ARG2 \& ARG1 % ARG2 \& STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING \& match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP \& substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 \& index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 \& length STRING Length of STRING \& quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if \& it is a keyword like \*(Aqmatch\*(Aq or an \& operator like \*(Aq/\*(Aq \& (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION .Ve .Sp Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \&\e( and \e) or null; if \e( and \e) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0. .IP "\fBfallocate\fR" 4 .IX Item "fallocate" fallocate [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] \-l \s-1LEN FILE\s0 .Sp Preallocate space for \s-1FILE\s0 .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-o OFS Offset of range \& \-l LEN Length of range .Ve .IP "\fBfatattr\fR" 4 .IX Item "fatattr" fatattr [\-+rhsvda] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Change file attributes on \s-1FAT\s0 filesystem .Sp .Vb 8 \& \- Clear attributes \& + Set attributes \& r Read only \& h Hidden \& s System \& v Volume label \& d Directory \& a Archive .Ve .IP "\fBfree\fR" 4 .IX Item "free" free .Sp Display the amount of free and used system memory .IP "\fBfsfreeze\fR" 4 .IX Item "fsfreeze" fsfreeze \-\-[un]freeze \s-1MOUNTPOINT\s0 .Sp Flush and halt writes to \s-1MOUNTPOINT\s0 .IP "\fBfstrim\fR" 4 .IX Item "fstrim" fstrim [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1MOUNTPOINT\s0 .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-o,\-\-offset OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from \& \-l,\-\-length LEN Bytes to discard \& \-m,\-\-minimum MIN Minimum extent length \& \-v,\-\-verbose Print number of discarded bytes .Ve .IP "\fBfsync\fR" 4 .IX Item "fsync" fsync [\-d] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk .Sp .Vb 1 \& \-d Avoid syncing metadata .Ve .IP "\fBgetopt\fR" 4 .IX Item "getopt" getopt [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-\-] \s-1OPTSTRING PARAMS\s0 .Sp .Vb 9 \& \-a Allow long options starting with single \- \& \-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize \& \-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported \& \-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize \& \-q No error messages on unrecognized options \& \-Q No normal output \& \-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions \& \-T Version test (exits with 4) \& \-u Don\*(Aqt quote output .Ve .Sp Example: .Sp O=`getopt \-l bb: \*(-- ab:c:: \*(L"$@\*(R"` || exit 1 eval set \*(-- \*(L"$O\*(R" while true; do case \*(L"$1\*(R" in \-a) echo A; shift;; \-b|\-\-bb) echo \*(L"B:'$2'\*(R"; shift 2;; \-c) case \*(L"$2\*(R" in "\*(L") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo \*(R"C:'$2'"; shift 2;; esac;; \-\-) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done .IP "\fBgrep\fR" 4 .IX Item "grep" grep [\-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [\-m N] PATTERN/\-e \s-1PATTERN..\s0./\-f \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Search for \s-1PATTERN\s0 in FILEs (or stdin) .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-H Add \*(Aqfilename:\*(Aq prefix \& \-h Do not add \*(Aqfilename:\*(Aq prefix \& \-n Add \*(Aqline_no:\*(Aq prefix \& \-l Show only names of files that match \& \-L Show only names of files that don\*(Aqt match \& \-c Show only count of matching lines \& \-o Show only the matching part of line \& \-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise \& \-v Select non\-matching lines \& \-s Suppress open and read errors \& \-r Recurse \& \-R Recurse and dereference symlinks \& \-i Ignore case \& \-w Match whole words only \& \-x Match whole lines only \& \-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) \& \-E PATTERN is an extended regexp \& \-m N Match up to N times per file \& \-e PTRN Pattern to match \& \-f FILE Read pattern from file .Ve .IP "\fBgzip\fR" 4 .IX Item "gzip" gzip [\-cfkdt123456789] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Compress FILEs (or stdin) .Sp .Vb 6 \& \-1..9 Compression level \& \-d Decompress \& \-t Test file integrity \& \-c Write to stdout \& \-f Force \& \-k Keep input files .Ve .IP "\fBhalt\fR" 4 .IX Item "halt" halt [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-n] [\-f] .Sp Halt the system .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-d SEC Delay interval \& \-n Do not sync \& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init) .Ve .IP "\fBhead\fR" 4 .IX Item "head" head [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print first 10 lines of each \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one \s-1FILE,\s0 precede each with a filename header. .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-n N[kbm] Print first N lines \& \-n \-N[kbm] Print all except N last lines \& \-c [\-]N[kbm] Print first N bytes \& \-q Never print headers \& \-v Always print headers .Ve .Sp N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). .IP "\fBhexdump\fR" 4 .IX Item "hexdump" hexdump [\-bcCdefnosvx] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format .Sp .Vb 11 \& \-b 1\-byte octal display \& \-c 1\-byte character display \& \-d 2\-byte decimal display \& \-o 2\-byte octal display \& \-x 2\-byte hex display \& \-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line \& \-v Show all (no dup folding) \& \-e FORMAT_STR Example: \*(Aq16/1 "%02x|""\en"\*(Aq \& \-f FORMAT_FILE \& \-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes \& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes .Ve .IP "\fBhexedit\fR" 4 .IX Item "hexedit" hexedit \s-1FILE\s0 .Sp Edit \s-1FILE\s0 in hexadecimal .IP "\fBi2ctransfer\fR" 4 .IX Item "i2ctransfer" i2ctransfer [\-fay] I2CBUS {rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] \s-1DATA...\s0}... .Sp Read/write I2C data in one transfer .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-f Force access to busy addresses \& \-a Force access to non\-regular addresses \& \-y Disable interactive mode .Ve .IP "\fBifconfig\fR" 4 .IX Item "ifconfig" ifconfig [\-a] interface [address] .Sp Configure a network interface .Sp .Vb 10 \& [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] \& [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] \& [[\-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[\-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] \& [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] \& [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] \& [hw ether ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] \& [[\-]trailers] [[\-]arp] [[\-]allmulti] \& [multicast] [[\-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[\-]dynamic] \& [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] \& [up|down] ... .Ve .IP "\fBinit\fR" 4 .IX Item "init" init .Sp Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. This version of init doesn't use /etc/inittab, has fixed set of processed to run. Signals: .Sp \&\s-1TSTP:\s0 stop respawning until \s-1CONT QUIT:\s0 re-exec another init \&\s-1USR1/TERM/USR2/INT:\s0 run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl\-Alt\-Del script .IP "\fBinstall\fR" 4 .IX Item "install" install [\-cdDsp] [\-o \s-1USER\s0] [\-g \s-1GRP\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [\-t \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1SOURCE\s0]... \s-1DEST\s0 .Sp Copy files and set attributes .Sp .Vb 9 \& \-c Just copy (default) \& \-d Create directories \& \-D Create leading target directories \& \-s Strip symbol table \& \-p Preserve date \& \-o USER Set ownership \& \-g GRP Set group ownership \& \-m MODE Set permissions \& \-t DIR Install to DIR .Ve .IP "\fBip\fR" 4 .IX Item "ip" ip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [\s-1ARGS\s0] .Sp \&\s-1OPTIONS\s0 := \-f[amily] inet|inet6|link | \-o[neline] .Sp ip addr add|del \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1IFACE\s0 | show|flush [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test \s-1ROUTE\s0 ip link set \s-1IFACE\s0 [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu \s-1NUM\s0] [name \s-1NAME\s0] [qlen \s-1NUM\s0] [address \s-1MAC\s0] [master \s-1IFACE\s0 | nomaster] ip tunnel add|change|del|show [\s-1NAME\s0] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0] ip neigh show|flush [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [dev \s-1DEV\s0] [nud \s-1STATE\s0] ip rule [list] | add|del \s-1SELECTOR ACTION\s0 .IP "\fBipaddr\fR" 4 .IX Item "ipaddr" ipaddr add|del \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1IFACE\s0 | show|flush [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] .Sp ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev \s-1IFACE IFADDR\s0 \s-1IFADDR\s0 := \s-1PREFIX\s0 | \s-1ADDR\s0 peer \s-1PREFIX\s0 [broadcast ADDR|+|\-] [anycast \s-1ADDR\s0] [label \s-1STRING\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\s0] \s-1PREFIX\s0 := ADDR[/MASK] \s-1SCOPE\s0 := [host|link|global|NUMBER] ipaddr show|flush [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [label \s-1PATTERN\s0] .IP "\fBiplink\fR" 4 .IX Item "iplink" iplink set \s-1IFACE\s0 [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu \s-1NUM\s0] [name \s-1NAME\s0] [qlen \s-1NUM\s0] [address \s-1MAC\s0] [master \s-1IFACE\s0 | nomaster] iplink add [link \s-1IFACE\s0] \s-1IFACE\s0 [address \s-1MAC\s0] type \s-1TYPE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] iplink delete \s-1IFACE\s0 type \s-1TYPE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] \s-1TYPE ARGS\s0 := vlan \s-1VLANARGS\s0 | vrf table \s-1NUM\s0 \s-1VLANARGS\s0 := id \s-1VLANID\s0 [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off] [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off] iplink show [\s-1IFACE\s0] .IP "\fBipneigh\fR" 4 .IX Item "ipneigh" ipneigh show|flush [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [dev \s-1DEV\s0] [nud \s-1STATE\s0] .IP "\fBiproute\fR" 4 .IX Item "iproute" iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test \s-1ROUTE\s0 .Sp iproute list|flush \s-1SELECTOR\s0 \s-1SELECTOR\s0 := [root \s-1PREFIX\s0] [match \s-1PREFIX\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0] \s-1PREFIX\s0 := default|ADDR[/MASK] iproute get \s-1ADDR\s0 [from \s-1ADDR\s0 iif \s-1IFACE\s0] [oif \s-1IFACE\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] iproute add|del|change|append|replace|test \s-1ROUTE\s0 \s-1ROUTE\s0 := \s-1NODE_SPEC\s0 [\s-1INFO_SPEC\s0] \s-1NODE_SPEC\s0 := \s-1PREFIX\s0 [table \s-1TABLE_ID\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\s0] [metric \s-1METRIC\s0] \s-1INFO_SPEC\s0 := \s-1NH OPTIONS\s0 \s-1NH\s0 := [via [inet|inet6] \s-1ADDR\s0] [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [src \s-1ADDR\s0] [onlink] \s-1OPTIONS\s0 := [mtu [lock] \s-1NUM\s0] [advmss [lock] \s-1NUM\s0] .IP "\fBiprule\fR" 4 .IX Item "iprule" iprule [list] | add|del \s-1SELECTOR ACTION\s0 .Sp .Vb 6 \& SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] \& [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER] \& ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR] \& [prohibit|reject|unreachable] \& [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] \& TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER] .Ve .IP "\fBiptunnel\fR" 4 .IX Item "iptunnel" iptunnel add|change|del|show [\s-1NAME\s0] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0] .Sp iptunnel add|change|del|show [\s-1NAME\s0] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key \s-1KEY\s0] [[i|o]csum] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev \s-1PHYS_DEV\s0] .IP "\fBkbd_mode\fR" 4 .IX Item "kbd_mode" kbd_mode [\-a|k|s|u] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0] .Sp Report or set \s-1VT\s0 console keyboard mode .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-a Default (ASCII) \& \-k Medium\-raw (keycode) \& \-s Raw (scancode) \& \-u Unicode (utf\-8) \& \-C TTY Affect TTY .Ve .IP "\fBkill\fR" 4 .IX Item "kill" kill [\-l] [\-SIG] \s-1PID...\s0 .Sp Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given PIDs .Sp .Vb 1 \& \-l List all signal names and numbers .Ve .IP "\fBkillall\fR" 4 .IX Item "killall" killall [\-l] [\-q] [\-SIG] \s-1PROCESS_NAME...\s0 .Sp Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given processes .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-l List all signal names and numbers \& \-q Don\*(Aqt complain if no processes were killed .Ve .IP "\fBless\fR" 4 .IX Item "less" less [\-EFMmNSh~] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp View \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) one screenful at a time .Sp .Vb 7 \& \-E Quit once the end of a file is reached \& \-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen \& \-M,\-m Display status line with line numbers \& and percentage through the file \& \-N Prefix line number to each line \& \-S Truncate long lines \& \-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF .Ve .IP "\fBlink\fR" 4 .IX Item "link" link \s-1FILE LINK\s0 .Sp Create hard \s-1LINK\s0 to \s-1FILE\s0 .IP "\fBln\fR" 4 .IX Item "ln" ln [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1TARGET...\s0 LINK|DIR .Sp Create a link \s-1LINK\s0 or \s-1DIR/TARGET\s0 to the specified \s-1TARGET\s0(s) .Sp .Vb 7 \& \-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks \& \-f Remove existing destinations \& \-n Don\*(Aqt dereference symlinks \- treat like normal file \& \-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation \& \-S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files \& \-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR \& \-v Verbose .Ve .IP "\fBloadfont\fR" 4 .IX Item "loadfont" loadfont < font .Sp Load a console font from stdin .IP "\fBloadkmap\fR" 4 .IX Item "loadkmap" loadkmap < keymap .Sp Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin .IP "\fBlosetup\fR" 4 .IX Item "losetup" losetup [\-rP] [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] {\-f|LOOPDEV} \s-1FILE:\s0 associate loop devices losetup \-c \s-1LOOPDEV:\s0 reread file size losetup \-d \s-1LOOPDEV:\s0 disassociate losetup \-a: show status losetup \-f: show next free loop device .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE \& \-P Scan for partitions \& \-r Read\-only \& \-f Show/use next free loop device .Ve .IP "\fBls\fR" 4 .IX Item "ls" ls [\-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [\-w \s-1WIDTH\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp List directory contents .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-1 One column output \& \-a Include entries which start with . \& \-A Like \-a, but exclude . and .. \& \-x List by lines \& \-d List directory entries instead of contents \& \-L Follow symlinks \& \-H Follow symlinks on command line \& \-R Recurse \& \-p Append / to dir entries \& \-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries \& \-l Long listing format \& \-i List inode numbers \& \-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names \& \-s List allocated blocks \& \-lc List ctime \& \-lu List atime \& \-\-full\-time List full date and time \& \-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G) \& \-\-group\-directories\-first \& \-S Sort by size \& \-X Sort by extension \& \-v Sort by version \& \-t Sort by mtime \& \-tc Sort by ctime \& \-tu Sort by atime \& \-r Reverse sort order \& \-w N Format N columns wide .Ve .IP "\fBlzop\fR" 4 .IX Item "lzop" lzop [\-cfUvd123456789CF] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp .Vb 8 \& \-1..9 Compression level \& \-d Decompress \& \-c Write to stdout \& \-f Force \& \-U Delete input files \& \-v Verbose \& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum \& \-C Also write checksum of compressed block .Ve .IP "\fBmd5sum\fR" 4 .IX Item "md5sum" md5sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print or check \s-1MD5\s0 checksums .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs \& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success \& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines .Ve .IP "\fBmim\fR" 4 .IX Item "mim" mim [\-f \s-1FILE\s0] [\s-1SHELL_OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1TARGET\s0] ... .Sp Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file .Sp .Vb 1 \& \-f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile) .Ve .IP "\fBmkdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "mkdir" mkdir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY...\s0 .Sp Create \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-m MODE Mode \& \-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed .Ve .IP "\fBmkfifo\fR" 4 .IX Item "mkfifo" mkfifo [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] \s-1NAME\s0 .Sp Create named pipe .Sp .Vb 1 \& \-m MODE Mode (default a=rw) .Ve .IP "\fBmknod\fR" 4 .IX Item "mknod" mknod [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] \s-1NAME TYPE\s0 [\s-1MAJOR MINOR\s0] .Sp Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) \&TYPE: \& b Block device \& c or u Character device \& p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted) .Ve .IP "\fBmkpasswd\fR" 4 .IX Item "mkpasswd" mkpasswd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0] .Sp Print \fBcrypt\fR\|(3) hashed \s-1PASSWORD\s0 .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-P,\-\-password\-fd N Read password from fd N \& \-m,\-\-method TYPE des,md5,sha256/512 (default ) \& \-S,\-\-salt SALT .Ve .IP "\fBmktemp\fR" 4 .IX Item "mktemp" mktemp [\-dt] [\-p \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1TEMPLATE\s0] .Sp Create a temporary file with name based on \s-1TEMPLATE\s0 and print its name. \&\s-1TEMPLATE\s0 must end with \s-1XXXXXX\s0 (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without \s-1TEMPLATE,\s0 \-t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed. .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-d Make directory, not file \& \-q Fail silently on errors \& \-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE \& \-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies \-t) \& \-u Do not create anything; print a name .Ve .Sp Base directory is: \-p \s-1DIR,\s0 else \f(CW$TMPDIR\fR, else /tmp .IP "\fBmountpoint\fR" 4 .IX Item "mountpoint" mountpoint [\-q] <[\-dn] \s-1DIR\s0 | \-x \s-1DEVICE\s0> .Sp Check if the directory is a mountpoint .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-q Quiet \& \-d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem \& \-n Print device name of the filesystem \& \-x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice .Ve .IP "\fBmv\fR" 4 .IX Item "mv" mv [\-fin] \s-1SOURCE DEST\s0 or: mv [\-fin] \s-1SOURCE... DIRECTORY\s0 .Sp Rename \s-1SOURCE\s0 to \s-1DEST,\s0 or move \s-1SOURCE\s0(s) to \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-f Don\*(Aqt prompt before overwriting \& \-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite \& \-n Don\*(Aqt overwrite an existing file .Ve .IP "\fBnc\fR" 4 .IX Item "nc" nc [\-iN] [\-wN] [\-l] [\-p \s-1PORT\s0] [\-f FILE|IPADDR \s-1PORT\s0] [\-e \s-1PROG\s0] .Sp Open a pipe to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 or \s-1FILE\s0 .Sp .Vb 7 \& \-l Listen mode, for inbound connects \& (use \-ll with \-e for persistent server) \& \-p PORT Local port \& \-w SEC Connect timeout \& \-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent \& \-f FILE Use file (ala /dev/ttyS0) instead of network \& \-e PROG Run PROG after connect .Ve .IP "\fBnetstat\fR" 4 .IX Item "netstat" netstat [\-ral] [\-tuwx] [\-enWp] .Sp Display networking information .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-r Routing table \& \-a All sockets \& \-l Listening sockets \& Else: connected sockets \& \-t TCP sockets \& \-u UDP sockets \& \-w Raw sockets \& \-x Unix sockets \& Else: all socket types \& \-e Other/more information \& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names \& \-W Wide display \& \-p Show PID/program name for sockets .Ve .IP "\fBnologin\fR" 4 .IX Item "nologin" nologin .Sp Politely refuse a login .IP "\fBnproc\fR" 4 .IX Item "nproc" nproc \-\-all \-\-ignore=N .Sp Print number of available CPUs .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-\-all Number of installed CPUs \& \-\-ignore=N Exclude N CPUs .Ve .IP "\fBnsenter\fR" 4 .IX Item "nsenter" nsenter [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-t PID Target process to get namespaces from \& \-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace \& \-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc) \& \-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace \& \-n[FILE] Enter network namespace \& \-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace \& \-U[FILE] Enter user namespace \& \-S UID Set uid in entered namespace \& \-G GID Set gid in entered namespace \& \-\-preserve\-credentials Don\*(Aqt touch uids or gids \& \-r[DIR] Set root directory \& \-w[DIR] Set working directory \& \-F Don\*(Aqt fork before exec\*(Aqing PROG .Ve .IP "\fBnslookup\fR" 4 .IX Item "nslookup" nslookup \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1DNS_SERVER\s0] .Sp Query \s-1DNS\s0 about \s-1HOST\s0 .IP "\fBnuke\fR" 4 .IX Item "nuke" nuke \s-1DIR...\s0 .Sp Remove DIRs .IP "\fBopenvt\fR" 4 .IX Item "openvt" openvt [\-c N] [\-sw] [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0] .Sp Start \s-1PROG\s0 on a new virtual terminal .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c N Use specified VT \& \-s Switch to the VT \& \-w Wait for PROG to exit .Ve .IP "\fBpartprobe\fR" 4 .IX Item "partprobe" partprobe \s-1DEVICE...\s0 .Sp Ask kernel to rescan partition table .IP "\fBpaste\fR" 4 .IX Item "paste" paste [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab \& \-s Serial: one file at a time .Ve .IP "\fBpgrep\fR" 4 .IX Item "pgrep" pgrep [\-flanovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN] .Sp Display process(es) selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0 .Sp .Vb 9 \& \-l Show command name too \& \-a Show command line too \& \-f Match against entire command line \& \-n Show the newest process only \& \-o Show the oldest process only \& \-v Negate the match \& \-x Match whole name (not substring) \& \-s Match session ID (0 for current) \& \-P Match parent process ID .Ve .IP "\fBpidof\fR" 4 .IX Item "pidof" pidof [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1NAME\s0]... .Sp List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-s Show only one PID \& \-o PID Omit given pid \& Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof\*(Aqs parent .Ve .IP "\fBping\fR" 4 .IX Item "ping" ping [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 .Sp Send \s-1ICMP ECHO_REQUEST\s0 packets to network hosts .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-4,\-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution \& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings \& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) \& \-i SECS Interval \& \-A Ping as soon as reply is recevied \& \-t TTL Set TTL \& \-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address \& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) \& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent) \& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) \& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT) \& \-q Quiet, only display output at start \& and when finished \& \-p HEXBYTE Pattern to use for payload .Ve .IP "\fBping6\fR" 4 .IX Item "ping6" ping6 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 .Sp Send \s-1ICMP ECHO_REQUEST\s0 packets to network hosts .Sp .Vb 8 \& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings \& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) \& \-i SECS Interval \& \-A Ping as soon as reply is recevied \& \-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address \& \-q Quiet, only display output at start \& and when finished \& \-p HEXBYTE Pattern to use for payload .Ve .IP "\fBpoweroff\fR" 4 .IX Item "poweroff" poweroff [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-n] [\-f] .Sp Halt and shut off power .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-d SEC Delay interval \& \-n Do not sync \& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init) .Ve .IP "\fBprintf\fR" 4 .IX Item "printf" printf \s-1FORMAT\s0 [\s-1ARG\s0]... .Sp Format and print \s-1ARG\s0(s) according to \s-1FORMAT\s0 (a\-la C printf) .IP "\fBps\fR" 4 .IX Item "ps" ps .Sp Show list of processes .Sp .Vb 2 \& w Wide output \& l Long output .Ve .IP "\fBpwd\fR" 4 .IX Item "pwd" pwd .Sp Print the full filename of the current working directory .IP "\fBreadlink\fR" 4 .IX Item "readlink" readlink [\-fnv] \s-1FILE\s0 .Sp Display the value of a symlink .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks \& \-n Don\*(Aqt add newline \& \-v Verbose .Ve .IP "\fBrealpath\fR" 4 .IX Item "realpath" realpath \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Return the absolute pathnames of given \s-1FILE\s0 .IP "\fBreboot\fR" 4 .IX Item "reboot" reboot [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-n] [\-f] .Sp Reboot the system .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-d SEC Delay interval \& \-n Do not sync \& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init) .Ve .IP "\fBresume\fR" 4 .IX Item "resume" resume \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1OFFSET\s0] .Sp Restore system state from 'suspend\-to\-disk' data in \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 .IP "\fBrm\fR" 4 .IX Item "rm" rm [\-irf] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Remove (unlink) FILEs .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-i Always prompt before removing \& \-f Never prompt \& \-R,\-r Recurse .Ve .IP "\fBrmdir\fR" 4 .IX Item "rmdir" rmdir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY...\s0 .Sp Remove \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 if it is empty .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-p Include parents \& \-\-ignore\-fail\-on\-non\-empty .Ve .IP "\fBroute\fR" 4 .IX Item "route" route [{add|del|delete}] .Sp Edit kernel routing tables .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names \& \-e Display other/more information \& \-A inet{6} Select address family .Ve .IP "\fBrun-init\fR" 4 .IX Item "run-init" run-init [\-d \s-1CAP,CAP...\s0] [\-n] [\-c \s-1CONSOLE_DEV\s0] \s-1NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] .Sp Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: .Sp chroot to \s-1NEW_ROOT,\s0 delete all in /, move \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 to /, execute \s-1NEW_INIT. PID\s0 must be 1. \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 must be a mountpoint. .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch \& \-d CAPS Drop capabilities \& \-n Dry run .Ve .IP "\fBsed\fR" 4 .IX Item "sed" sed [\-i[\s-1SFX\s0]] [\-nrE] [\-f \s-1FILE\s0]... [\-e \s-1CMD\s0]... [\s-1FILE\s0]... or: sed [\-i[\s-1SFX\s0]] [\-nrE] \s-1CMD\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp .Vb 6 \& \-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed \& \-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed \& \-i[SFX] Edit files in\-place (otherwise sends to stdout) \& Optionally back files up, appending SFX \& \-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space \& \-r,\-E Use extended regex syntax .Ve .Sp If no \-e or \-f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none). .IP "\fBseq\fR" 4 .IX Item "seq" seq [\-w] [\-s \s-1SEP\s0] [\s-1FIRST\s0 [\s-1INC\s0]] \s-1LAST\s0 .Sp Print numbers from \s-1FIRST\s0 to \s-1LAST,\s0 in steps of \s-1INC. FIRST, INC\s0 default to 1. .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-w Pad to last with leading zeros \& \-s SEP String separator .Ve .IP "\fBsetfattr\fR" 4 .IX Item "setfattr" setfattr [\-h] \-n|\-x \s-1ATTR\s0 [\-v \s-1VALUE\s0] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Set extended attributes .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-h Do not follow symlinks \& \-x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR \& \-n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE \& \-v VALUE (default: empty) .Ve .IP "\fBsetfont\fR" 4 .IX Item "setfont" setfont \s-1FONT\s0 [\-m \s-1MAPFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0] .Sp Load a console font .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-m MAPFILE Load console screen map \& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty .Ve .IP "\fBsh\fR" 4 .IX Item "sh" sh [\-/+OPTIONS] [\-/+o \s-1OPT\s0]... [\-c '\s-1SCRIPT\s0' [\s-1ARG0\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] / \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] / \-s [\s-1ARGS\s0]] .Sp Unix shell interpreter .IP "\fBsha1sum\fR" 4 .IX Item "sha1sum" sha1sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print or check \s-1SHA1\s0 checksums .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs \& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success \& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines .Ve .IP "\fBsha256sum\fR" 4 .IX Item "sha256sum" sha256sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print or check \s-1SHA256\s0 checksums .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs \& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success \& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines .Ve .IP "\fBsha512sum\fR" 4 .IX Item "sha512sum" sha512sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print or check \s-1SHA512\s0 checksums .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs \& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success \& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines .Ve .IP "\fBshuf\fR" 4 .IX Item "shuf" shuf [\-e|\-i L\-H] [\-n \s-1NUM\s0] [\-o \s-1FILE\s0] [\-z] [FILE|ARG...] .Sp Randomly permute lines .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-e Treat ARGs as lines \& \-i L\-H Treat numbers L\-H as lines \& \-n NUM Output at most NUM lines \& \-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output \& \-z End lines with zero byte, not newline .Ve .IP "\fBsleep\fR" 4 .IX Item "sleep" sleep [N]... .Sp Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays .IP "\fBsort\fR" 4 .IX Item "sort" sort [\-nru] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Sort lines of text .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-n Sort numbers \& \-r Reverse sort order \& \-s Stable (don\*(Aqt sort ties alphabetically) \& \-u Suppress duplicate lines \& \-z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline .Ve .IP "\fBstat\fR" 4 .IX Item "stat" stat [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Display file (default) or filesystem status .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-c FMT Use the specified format \& \-f Display filesystem status \& \-L Follow links \& \-t Terse display .Ve .Sp \&\s-1FMT\s0 sequences for files: .Sp .Vb 10 \& %a Access rights in octal \& %A Access rights in human readable form \& %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) \& %B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b \& %d Device number in decimal \& %D Device number in hex \& %f Raw mode in hex \& %F File type \& %g Group ID \& %G Group name \& %h Number of hard links \& %i Inode number \& %n File name \& %N File name, with \-> TARGET if symlink \& %o I/O block size \& %s Total size in bytes \& %t Major device type in hex \& %T Minor device type in hex \& %u User ID \& %U User name \& %x Time of last access \& %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch \& %y Time of last modification \& %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch \& %z Time of last change \& %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch .Ve .Sp \&\s-1FMT\s0 sequences for file systems: .Sp .Vb 12 \& %a Free blocks available to non\-superuser \& %b Total data blocks \& %c Total file nodes \& %d Free file nodes \& %f Free blocks \& %i File System ID in hex \& %l Maximum length of filenames \& %n File name \& %s Block size (for faster transfer) \& %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) \& %t Type in hex \& %T Type in human readable form .Ve .IP "\fBstrings\fR" 4 .IX Item "strings" strings [\-fo] [\-t o/d/x] [\-n \s-1LEN\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Display printable strings in a binary file .Sp .Vb 4 \& \-f Precede strings with filenames \& \-o Precede strings with octal offsets \& \-t o/d/x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16 \& \-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) .Ve .IP "\fBsync\fR" 4 .IX Item "sync" sync [\-df] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk \-d Avoid syncing metadata \-f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs .IP "\fBtac\fR" 4 .IX Item "tac" tac [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse .IP "\fBtail\fR" 4 .IX Item "tail" tail [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Print last 10 lines of each \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one \s-1FILE,\s0 precede each with a filename header. .Sp .Vb 8 \& \-f Print data as file grows \& \-c [+]N[kbm] Print last N bytes \& \-n N[kbm] Print last N lines \& \-n +N[kbm] Start on Nth line and print the rest \& \-q Never print headers \& \-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with \-f \& \-v Always print headers \& \-F Same as \-f, but keep retrying .Ve .Sp N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). .IP "\fBtar\fR" 4 .IX Item "tar" tar c|x|t [\-zJjahmvokO] [\-f \s-1TARFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1DIR\s0] [\-T \s-1FILE\s0] [\-X \s-1FILE\s0] [\-\-exclude \s-1PATTERN\s0]... [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Create, extract, or list files from a tar file .Sp .Vb 10 \& c Create \& x Extract \& t List \& \-f FILE Name of TARFILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdin/out) \& \-C DIR Change to DIR before operation \& \-v Verbose \& \-O Extract to stdout \& \-m Don\*(Aqt restore mtime \& \-o Don\*(Aqt restore user:group \& \-k Don\*(Aqt replace existing files \& \-z (De)compress using gzip \& \-J (De)compress using xz \& \-j (De)compress using bzip2 \& \-a (De)compress based on extension \& \-h Follow symlinks \& \-T FILE File with names to include \& \-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude \& \-\-exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude .Ve .IP "\fBtcpsvd\fR" 4 .IX Item "tcpsvd" tcpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-C N[:MSG]] [\-b N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP PORT PROG\s0 .Sp Create \s-1TCP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and listen for incoming connections. Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each connection. .Sp .Vb 12 \& IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on \& PROG ARGS Program to run \& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind \& \-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) \& \-b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20) \& \-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP: \& new connections from this IP address are closed \& immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close \& \-E Don\*(Aqt set up environment \& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname \& \-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) \& \-v Verbose .Ve .Sp Environment if no \-E: PROTO='\s-1TCP\s0' TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination before firewall Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections: iptables \-t nat \-A \s-1PREROUTING\s0 \-p tcp \-\-dport 80 \-j \s-1REDIRECT\s0 \-\-to 8080 TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip If \-h: TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (\-l \s-1NAME\s0 is used if specified) TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname' .IP "\fBtee\fR" 4 .IX Item "tee" tee [\-ai] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Copy stdin to each \s-1FILE,\s0 and also to stdout .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-a Append to the given FILEs, don\*(Aqt overwrite \& \-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) .Ve .IP "\fBtelnet\fR" 4 .IX Item "telnet" telnet \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0] .Sp Connect to telnet server .IP "\fBtftp\fR" 4 .IX Item "tftp" tftp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0] .Sp Transfer a file from/to tftp server .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-l FILE Local FILE \& \-r FILE Remote FILE \& \-g Get file .Ve .IP "\fBtouch\fR" 4 .IX Item "touch" touch [\-c] \s-1FILE...\s0 .Sp Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s] .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-c Don\*(Aqt create files \& \-h Don\*(Aqt follow links .Ve .IP "\fBtruncate\fR" 4 .IX Item "truncate" truncate [\-c] \-s \s-1SIZE FILE...\s0 .Sp Truncate FILEs to the given size .Sp .Vb 2 \& \-c Do not create files \& \-s SIZE Truncate to SIZE .Ve .IP "\fBts\fR" 4 .IX Item "ts" ts [\-is] [\s-1STRFTIME\s0] .IP "\fBudhcpc\fR" 4 .IX Item "udhcpc" udhcpc [\-fbqvRB] [\-t N] [\-T \s-1SEC\s0] [\-A SEC/\-n] [\-i \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-P \s-1PORT\s0] [\-s \s-1PROG\s0] [\-p \s-1PIDFILE\s0] [\-oC] [\-r \s-1IP\s0] [\-V \s-1VENDOR\s0] [\-F \s-1NAME\s0] [\-x \s-1OPT:VAL\s0]... [\-O \s-1OPT\s0]... .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) \& \-P PORT Use PORT (default 68) \& \-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) \& \-p FILE Create pidfile \& \-B Request broadcast replies \& \-t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3) \& \-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) \& \-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) \& \-b Background if lease is not obtained \& \-n Exit if lease is not obtained \& \-q Exit after obtaining lease \& \-R Release IP on exit \& \-f Run in foreground \& \-S Log to syslog too \& \-r IP Request this IP address \& \-o Don\*(Aqt request any options (unless \-O is given) \& \-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) \& \-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) \& Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: \& \-x hostname:bbox \- option 12 \& \-x lease:3600 \- option 51 (lease time) \& \-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE \- option 61 (client id) \& \-x 14:\*(Aq"dumpfile"\*(Aq \- option 14 (shell\-quoted) \& \-F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME \& \-V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default \*(Aqudhcp VERSION\*(Aq) \& \-C Don\*(Aqt send MAC as client identifier \& \-v Verbose \&Signals: \& \& USR1 Renew lease \& USR2 Release lease .Ve .IP "\fBudhcpc6\fR" 4 .IX Item "udhcpc6" udhcpc6 [\-fbnqvodR] [\-i \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-r IPv6] [\-s \s-1PROG\s0] [\-p \s-1PIDFILE\s0] [\-x \s-1OPT:VAL\s0]... [\-O \s-1OPT\s0]... [\-P N] .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) \& \-p FILE Create pidfile \& \-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) \& \-B Request broadcast replies \& \-t N Send up to N discover packets \& \-T N Pause between packets (default 3 seconds) \& \-A N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure \& \-f Run in foreground \& \-b Background if lease is not obtained \& \-n Exit if lease is not obtained \& \-q Exit after obtaining lease \& \-R Release IP on exit \& \-S Log to syslog too \& \-P N Use port N (default 546) \& \-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) \& \-o Don\*(Aqt request any options (unless \-O is given) \& \-r IPv6 Request this address (\*(Aqno\*(Aq to not request any IP) \& \-d Request prefix \& \-l Send \*(Aqinformation request\*(Aq instead of \*(Aqsolicit\*(Aq \& (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses) \& \-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) \& Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: \& \-x hostname:bbox \- option 12 \& \-x lease:3600 \- option 51 (lease time) \& \-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE \- option 61 (client id) \& \-x 14:\*(Aq"dumpfile"\*(Aq \- option 14 (shell\-quoted) \& \-v Verbose \&Signals: \& \& USR1 Renew lease \& USR2 Release lease .Ve .IP "\fBumount\fR" 4 .IX Item "umount" umount [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY .Sp Unmount file systems .Sp .Vb 6 \& \-a Unmount all file systems \& \-r Try to remount devices as read\-only if mount is busy \& \-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) \& \-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) \& \-d Free loop device if it has been used \& \-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s) .Ve .IP "\fBuname\fR" 4 .IX Item "uname" uname [\-amnrspvio] .Sp Print system information .Sp .Vb 9 \& \-a Print all \& \-m The machine (hardware) type \& \-n Hostname \& \-r Kernel release \& \-s Kernel name (default) \& \-p Processor type \& \-v Kernel version \& \-i The hardware platform \& \-o OS name .Ve .IP "\fBuniq\fR" 4 .IX Item "uniq" uniq [\-cdu][\-f,s,w N] [\s-1INPUT\s0 [\s-1OUTPUT\s0]] .Sp Discard duplicate lines .Sp .Vb 7 \& \-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences \& \-d Only print duplicate lines \& \-u Only print unique lines \& \-i Ignore case \& \-f N Skip first N fields \& \-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) \& \-w N Compare N characters in line .Ve .IP "\fBunlink\fR" 4 .IX Item "unlink" unlink \s-1FILE\s0 .Sp Delete \s-1FILE\s0 by calling \fBunlink()\fR .IP "\fBunshare\fR" 4 .IX Item "unshare" unshare [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] .Sp .Vb 12 \& \-m,\-\-mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace \& \-u,\-\-uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.) \& \-i,\-\-ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace \& \-n,\-\-net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace \& \-p,\-\-pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace \& \-U,\-\-user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace \& \-f,\-\-fork Fork before execing PROG \& \-r,\-\-map\-root\-user Map current user to root (implies \-U) \& \-\-mount\-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies \-m) \& \-\-propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged \& Modify mount propagation in mount namespace \& \-\-setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces .Ve .IP "\fBunzip\fR" 4 .IX Item "unzip" unzip [\-lnojpq] FILE[.zip] [\s-1FILE\s0]... [\-x \s-1FILE...\s0] [\-d \s-1DIR\s0] .Sp Extract FILEs from \s-1ZIP\s0 archive .Sp .Vb 8 \& \-l List contents (with \-q for short form) \& \-n Never overwrite files (default: ask) \& \-o Overwrite \& \-j Do not restore paths \& \-p Print to stdout \& \-q Quiet \& \-x FILE Exclude FILEs \& \-d DIR Extract into DIR .Ve .IP "\fBuptime\fR" 4 .IX Item "uptime" uptime .Sp Display the time since the last boot .IP "\fBvi\fR" 4 .IX Item "vi" vi [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Edit \s-1FILE\s0 .Sp .Vb 3 \& \-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) \& \-R Read\-only \& \-H List available features .Ve .IP "\fBwc\fR" 4 .IX Item "wc" wc [\-cmlwL] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Count lines, words, and bytes for each \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-c Count bytes \& \-m Count characters \& \-l Count newlines \& \-w Count words \& \-L Print longest line length .Ve .IP "\fBwget\fR" 4 .IX Item "wget" wget [\-c|\-\-continue] [\-\-spider] [\-q|\-\-quiet] [\-O|\-\-output\-document \s-1FILE\s0] [\-o|\-\-output\-file \s-1FILE\s0] [\-\-header 'header: value'] [\-Y|\-\-proxy on/off] [\-P \s-1DIR\s0] [\-S|\-\-server\-response] [\-U|\-\-user\-agent \s-1AGENT\s0] [\-T \s-1SEC\s0] \s-1URL...\s0 .Sp Retrieve files via \s-1HTTP\s0 or \s-1FTP\s0 .Sp .Vb 10 \& \-\-spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists \& \-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer \& \-q Quiet \& \-P DIR Save to DIR (default .) \& \-S Show server response \& \-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds \& \-O FILE Save to FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout) \& \-o FILE Log messages to FILE \& \-U STR Use STR for User\-Agent header \& \-Y on/off Use proxy .Ve .IP "\fBwhich\fR" 4 .IX Item "which" which [\s-1COMMAND\s0]... .Sp Locate a \s-1COMMAND\s0 .IP "\fBxxd\fR" 4 .IX Item "xxd" xxd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] .Sp Hex dump \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-g N Bytes per group \& \-c N Bytes per line \& \-p Show only hex bytes, assumes \-c30 \& \-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes \& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes .Ve .IP "\fBxz\fR" 4 .IX Item "xz" xz \-d [\-cfk] [\s-1FILE\s0]... .Sp Decompress \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) .Sp .Vb 5 \& \-d Decompress \& \-c Write to stdout \& \-f Force \& \-k Keep input files \& \-t Test file integrity .Ve .IP "\fByes\fR" 4 .IX Item "yes" yes [\s-1STRING\s0] .Sp Repeatedly output a line with \s-1STRING,\s0 or 'y' .SH "LIBC NSS" .IX Header "LIBC NSS" \&\s-1GNU\s0 Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (\s-1NSS\s0) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of \s-1NSS.\s0 Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require \s-1NSS.\s0 .PP If you enable \s-1CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP,\s0 BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using \s-1NSS.\s0 This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the \s-1NSS\s0 configuration files and libraries. .PP When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc \s-1NSS\s0 stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). .PP Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any \s-1NSS\s0 support files or libraries. .SH "MAINTAINER" .IX Header "MAINTAINER" Denis Vlasenko .SH "AUTHORS" .IX Header "AUTHORS" The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update. .PP Emanuele Aina run-parts .PP Erik Andersen .PP .Vb 4 \& Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the \& core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. \& Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that \& nobody is going to actually read. .Ve .PP Laurence Anderson .PP .Vb 1 \& rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm .Ve .PP Jeff Angielski .PP .Vb 1 \& ftpput, ftpget .Ve .PP Edward Betts .PP .Vb 1 \& expr, hostid, logname, whoami .Ve .PP John Beppu .PP .Vb 1 \& du, nslookup, sort .Ve .PP Brian Candler .PP .Vb 1 \& tiny\-ls(ls) .Ve .PP Randolph Chung .PP .Vb 1 \& fbset, ping, hostname .Ve .PP Dave Cinege .PP .Vb 2 \& more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, \& various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance .Ve .PP Jordan Crouse .PP .Vb 1 \& ipcalc .Ve .PP Magnus Damm .PP .Vb 1 \& tftp client insmod powerpc support .Ve .PP Larry Doolittle .PP .Vb 1 \& pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. .Ve .PP Glenn Engel .PP .Vb 1 \& httpd .Ve .PP Gennady Feldman .PP .Vb 2 \& Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, \& logread), various fixes. .Ve .PP Karl M. Hegbloom .PP .Vb 1 \& cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. .Ve .PP Daniel Jacobowitz .PP .Vb 1 \& mktemp.c .Ve .PP Matt Kraai .PP .Vb 1 \& documentation, bugfixes, test suite .Ve .PP Stephan Linz .PP .Vb 1 \& ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence .Ve .PP John Lombardo .PP .Vb 1 \& tr .Ve .PP Glenn McGrath .PP .Vb 3 \& Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, \& nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. \& Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. .Ve .PP Manuel Novoa \s-1III\s0 .PP .Vb 3 \& cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, \& mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, \& get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines \& \& also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in \& ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, \& mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, \& interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route .Ve .PP Vladimir Oleynik .PP .Vb 4 \& cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); \& ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; \& locale, various fixes \& and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. .Ve .PP Bruce Perens .PP .Vb 2 \& Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can \& still be found hiding here and there... .Ve .PP Tim Riker .PP .Vb 1 \& bug fixes, member of fan club .Ve .PP Kent Robotti .PP .Vb 1 \& reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. .Ve .PP Chip Rosenthal , .PP .Vb 1 \& wget \- Contributed by permission of Covad Communications .Ve .PP Pavel Roskin .PP .Vb 1 \& Lots of bugs fixes and patches. .Ve .PP Gyepi Sam .PP .Vb 1 \& Remote logging feature for syslogd .Ve .PP Linus Torvalds .PP .Vb 1 \& mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix .Ve .PP Mark Whitley .PP .Vb 2 \& grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), \& style\-guide, new\-applet\-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. .Ve .PP Charles P. Wright .PP .Vb 1 \& gzip, mini\-netcat(nc) .Ve .PP Enrique Zanardi .PP .Vb 1 \& tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance .Ve .PP Tito Ragusa .PP .Vb 1 \& devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. .Ve .PP Paul Fox .PP .Vb 1 \& vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes .Ve .PP Roberto A. Foglietta .PP .Vb 1 \& port: dnsd .Ve .PP Bernhard Reutner-Fischer .PP .Vb 1 \& misc .Ve .PP Mike Frysinger .PP .Vb 1 \& initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc .Ve .PP Jie Zhang .PP .Vb 1 \& fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes) .Ve